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DNS服务器的部署

DNS----Domain Name System域名系统

作用：

1)将域名， 主机名解析成对应的IP地址 正向解析

2)将IP地址解析成对应的主机名，域名反向解析

区域zone

正向区域uplooking.com

反向区域X.X.X.in-addr.arpa 172.16.80.0/2480.16.172.in-addr.arpa

记录Record

A记录主机记录www.uplooking.comA192.168.1.1

NS记录标识DNS服务器自身的名称

NSdns1.uplooking.com.

dns1.uplooking.comA192.168.1.2

MX记录标识邮件服务器的名称

MX 10mail.uplooking.com.

mail.uplooking.com.A192.168.1.3

CNAME记录别名记录

m.mail.com.CNAMEmail.uplooking.com.

PTR记录反向指针记录

192.168.1.1PTRwww.uplooking.com.

DNS域名结构：

.根域 www.jd.com------------> www.jd.com.

com

jd

baidu

tabao

cn

org

gov

DNS解析方式：

递归

客户端只需要向DNS服务器发送一次请求

迭代

客户端需要发送多次DNS请求

部署DNS服务器

软件： bind, bind-chroot

伪根/var/named/chroot

/etc/named.conf ------> /var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf

配置文件：

主配置文件/var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf建立区域

记录文件/var/named/chroot/var/named/*

服务： named, named-chroot

端口：

53/udp负责接收客户端DNS请求

53/tcp负责主从服务器数据同步

示例：搭建DNS服务器

web.uplooking.com192.168.1.1网站服务器

ftp.uplooking.com192.168.1.2FTP服务器

mail.uplooking.com192.168.1.3 邮件服务器

准备工作：

关闭SELinux, 防火墙

配置YUM源

1安装软件

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y bind bind-chroot

2编辑DNS的主配置文件，创建区域uplooking.com

[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf

options {

directory "/var/named";

};

zone "uplooking.com" {

type master;

file "uplooking.com.zone";

};

区域类型：

hint根域

master 主区域

slave从区域

3复制记录文件的模板，并编辑

[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/doc/bind-9.8.2/sample/var/named/named.localhost /var/named/chroot/var/named/uplooking.com.zone

[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/named/chroot/var/named/uplooking.com.zone

$TTL 1D

@ IN SOA uplooking.com. 454452000.qq.com. (

0 ; serial

1D ; refresh

1H ; retry

1W ; expire

3H ) ; minimum

NS dns1.uplooking.com.

dns1 A 192.168.122.105

web A 192.168.1.1

ftp A 192.168.1.2

MX 5 mail.uplooking.com.

mail A 192.168.1.3

4启动named服务

[root@dns ~]# systemctl start named-chroot

[root@dns ~]# systemctl start named

[root@dns ~]# systemctl enable named

Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/named.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/named.service.

[root@dns ~]# systemctl enable named-chroot

Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/named-chroot.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/named-chroot.service.

[root@dns ~]#

[root@dns ~]# ss -antp | grep named

LISTEN 0 10 192.168.122.105:53 : users:(("named",pid=2249,fd=21))

[root@dns ~]# ss -anup | grep named

UNCONN 0 0 192.168.122.105:53 : users:(("named",pid=2249,fd=513))

5测试

注意：

配置方法如下：

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

Generated by dracut initrd

NAME="eth0"

ONBOOT=yes

BOOTPROTO=none

TYPE=Ethernet

IPADDR=192.168.122.121

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

GATEWAY=192.168.122.1

DNS1=192.168.122.105

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf

Generated by NetworkManager

nameserver 192.168.122.105

[root@localhost ~]#

测试工具：

nslookup

[root@localhost ~]# nslookup

server

Default server: 192.168.122.105

Address: 192.168.122.105#53

web.uplooking.com

Server:192.168.122.105

Address:192.168.122.105#53

Name:web.uplooking.com

Address: 192.168.1.1

ftp.uplooking.com

Server:192.168.122.105

Address:192.168.122.105#53

Name:ftp.uplooking.com

Address: 192.168.1.2

mail.uplooking.com

Server:192.168.122.105

Address:192.168.122.105#53

Name:mail.uplooking.com

Address: 192.168.1.3

exit

dig

dig -t

[root@localhost ~]# dig -t A web.uplooking.com

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-29.el7 <<>> -t A web.uplooking.com

;; global options: +cmd

;; Got answer:

;; ->>HEADER<

;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:

; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096

;; QUESTION SECTION:

;web.uplooking.com.INA

;; ANSWER SECTION:

web.uplooking.com.86400INA192.168.1.1

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:

uplooking.com.86400INNSdns1.uplooking.com.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:

dns1.uplooking.com.86400INA192.168.122.105

;; Query time: 1 msec

;; SERVER: 192.168.122.105#53(192.168.122.105)

;; WHEN: 三 2月 22 11:45:42 CST 2017

;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 97

利用DNS记录实现负载均衡效果：

webA192.168.1.1

webA192.168.1.4

泛域名记录

uplooking.com. A 192.168.1.1

*.uplooking.com.A192.168.1.1

示例2：

建立DNS反向区域，实现反向解析

1)编辑主配置文件named.conf

[root@masterdns ~]# vim /var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf

zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" {

type master;

file "192.168.1.zone";

};

2)创建反向区域的记录

[root@dns named]# cat /var/named/chroot/var/named/192.168.1.zone

$TTL 1D

@IN SOAuplooking.com. 454452000.qq.com. (

0; serial

1D; refresh

1H; retry

1W; expire

3H ); minimum

NSdns1.uplooking.com.

dns1A192.168.122.105

1PTRweb.uplooking.com.

2PTRftp.uplooking.com.

3PTRmail.uplooking.com.

[root@dns named]# systemctl restart named

[root@dns named]# systemctl restart named-chroot

3)测试

[root@masterdns ~]# nslookup

ftp.uplooking.com

Server:192.168.122.166

Address:192.168.122.166#53

Name:ftp.uplooking.com

Address: 192.168.1.2

192.168.1.2

Server:192.168.122.166

Address:192.168.122.166#53

2.1.168.192.in-addr.arpaname = ftp.uplooking.com.

示例：DNS主从服务器部署

环境描述：

192.168.122.166DNS主服务器

192.168.122.167DNS从服务器

将主服务器上uplooking.com区域的记录与从服务同步

主服务器：

1) 编辑主配置文件named.conf

[root@masterdns ~]# vim /var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf

options {

directory "/var/named";

};

zone "uplooking.com" {

type master;

allow-transfer { 192.168.122.167; };>>>指定从服务器的IP地址

file "uplooking.com.zone";

};

zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" {

type master;

file "192.168.1.zone";

};

2)编辑uplooking.com区域的记录文件，添加从服务器的NS记录

[root@masterdns ~]# cat /var/named/chroot/var/named/uplooking.com.zone

$TTL 1D

@IN SOAuplooking.com. cisco_wjc.126.com. (

0; serial

1D; refresh

1H; retry

1W; expire

3H ); minimum

NSdns1.uplooking.com.

NSdns2.uplooking.com.

dns1A192.168.122.166

dns2A192.168.122.167

webA192.168.1.1

webA192.168.1.4

uplooking.com.A192.168.1.1

*.uplooking.com.A192.168.1.1

ftpA192.168.1.2

MX 5mail.uplooking.com.

mailA192.168.1.3

[root@localhost named]# systemctl restart named

[root@localhost named]# systemctl restart named-chroot

从服务器：

1) 安装软件

yum install -y bind bind-chroot

编辑主配置文件

[root@slavedns ~]# vim /var/named/chroot/etc/named.conf

options {

directory "/var/named";

};

zone "uplooking.com" {

type slave;

masters { 192.168.122.166; };>>>指定主服务器IP地址

file "slaves/uplooking.com.zone";

};

[root@slavedns ~]#

3) 启动named服务

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start named-chroot

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start named

测试

[root@slavedns ~]# ls /var/named/chroot/var/named/slaves/

uplooking.com.zone

[root@slavedns ~]#

[root@slavedns ~]# nslookup

server 192.168.122.167

Default server: 192.168.122.167

Address: 192.168.122.167#53

web.uplooking.com

Server:192.168.122.167

Address:192.168.122.167#53

Name:web.uplooking.com

Address: 192.168.1.4

Name:web.uplooking.com

Address: 192.168.1.1

exit

练习：

部署DNS服务器完成如下解析：

www.a.org 192.168.10.1

bbs.a.org 192.168.10.2

discuz.b.org 192.168.20.1

game.b.org 192.168.20.2

mail.b.org 192.168.20.3

标签：named,chroot,部署,root,192.168,uplooking,DNS,服务器,com

来源： https://www.cnblogs.com/huoxc/p/12850813.html